abstract：:The field of developmental neurobiology is entering a very exciting phase, in which the application of new techniques promises to lead to major advances in our understanding of basic developmental processes. There is a need to apply much of this new knowledge to problems of spinal cord and muscle development, about wh...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： O'Donovan MJ

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A generalized knowledge of opiates has been available for centuries, but it was not until 1975, following the isolation of the first endogenous opioids, that it was appreciated that their analgesic properties were mediated via specific receptors. Three general classes of opioids are now recognized: the endorphins, the...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Grossman A,Sutton JR

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shoes and foot orthotics on running economy and selected frontal plane knee kinematics during the support phase of running. Twenty-one male runners who had been fitted with orthotics served as subjects. Subjects participated in three submaximal runs on a tr...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Burkett LN,Kohrt WM,Buchbinder R

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects' previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and during a 30-min recovery period. Ten...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Vogel RB,Books CA,Ketchum C,Zauner CW,Murray FT

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vigorous exercise is associated with a sensation of well-being, and this subjective state has been objectively quantified with psychometric, cardiovascular, and neurophysiological data. Reductions in state anxiety have been demonstrated to follow acute physical activity, and this response persists for 2-5 h. Chronic p...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Morgan WP

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Healthy men (N = 33) and women (N = 73) participated in a 6-month exercise program three mornings per week, and their attendance scores (percent of total classes attended) were related to a variety of physiological, anthropometric, psychological, and demographic variables which were studied. These subjects were also g...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Gale JB,Eckhoff WT,Mogel SF,Rodnick JE

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the duration of the stimulation and affects various functional systems of the muscle fiber in an orderly sequence. Early change...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Pette D

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knee injuries continue to present a complex set of clinical problems. The answers to these problems have recently been redefined by the application of sophisticated biomechanical research methods to the study of knee ligaments and joint function. This manuscript reviews contributions which our laboratory has made to t...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Noyes FR,Keller CS,Grood ES,Butler DL

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to the invasiveness of direct techniques and problems that constrain the use of popular indirect techniques during very heavy (non-steady-state) exercise, measurements of maximal cardiac output are seldom included in studies of exercise. The acetylene-rebreathing technique is well-suited for maximal exercise; howe...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Smyth RJ,Gledhill N,Froese AB,Jamnik VK

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten pairs of monozygotic twins of both sexes were submitted to a 20-wk endurance-training program, four and five times per week, 40 min per session, at an average of 80% of the maximal heart rate reserve. Testing and training were performed on cycle ergometers. Maximal aerobic power (MAP in ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) and v...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Prud'homme D,Bouchard C,Leblanc C,Landry F,Fontaine E

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of somatotype on the validity of anthropometric prediction of body density (Db) in young women (N = 92) was investigated. Three groups of predominantly endomorph (N = 27), mesomorph (N = 35), and ectomorph (N = 30) women were identified by the Heath-Carter and Sheldon somatotyping methods. Discriminant a...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Bulbulian R

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sprint-trained athletes demonstrate a remarkable ability to perform exercise which results in fatigue quickly. However, the mechanisms for these enhanced performance capabilities have not been fully elucidated. Elevation in glycolytic enzymes and increased fast-twitch fiber compositions which would result in an enhanc...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Parkhouse WS,McKenzie DC

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The way in which athletes achieve the necessary height to accomplish the rotational requirements of springboard dives was investigated by focusing upon the take-offs of dives from the forward and reverse groups. Films of eight women in the 3-m final of the 1982 Canadian championship and of five men practicing for the ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Miller DI,Munro CF

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a computer simulation of a two-compartment model of the systemic circulation which demonstrates how this model can be used to understand the mechanism(s) for the maximal exercise cardiac output (Q). The model consists of two parallel vascular channels, the splanchnic channel (all blood draining through the ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Green JF,Jackman AP

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to identify anatomical variables associated with plantar-fasciitis sufferers. Selected anatomical variables which were chosen for measurement were leg length, pronation of the subtalar joint, plantar and dorsiflexion ability, and arch height of the foot, as well as the variables height, w...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Warren BL

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two healthy females and twelve healthy males, aged 19-24 yr, underwent strength training for periods of 9-21 wk. The muscles trained included extensor digitorum brevis (N = 3), soleus (N = 7), brachioradialis (N = 4), and the hypothenar muscles (N = 3). The effect of training on motoneuron excitability was measured as...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Sale DG,MacDougall JD,Upton AR,McComas AJ

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nine male and five female college students were tested on four occasions to determine the effects of various exhaustive weightlifting stimuli on forearm blood flow as measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Maximum voluntary dynamic wrist curl strength was determined in the first session, which was followed by rando...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Haslam RW,Cobb RB

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of glucose polymer (GP) ingestion upon endurance performance during walking exercise at 45% VO2max was examined. Also, performance on a battery of psychomotor tests was assessed to determine if exhaustion from endurance exercise was related to central nervous system dysfunction. Ten trained male subjects in...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ivy JL,Miller W,Dover V,Goodyear LG,Sherman WM,Farrell S,Williams H

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the possible role of elastic potentiation on mechanical efficiency, three male marathon runners were filmed while running on a treadmill at various steady-state speeds ranging from 7.0-22.0 km X h-1. Kinematic and mechanical energy analyses were performed from the film. Expired air was collected for ene...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ito A,Komi PV,Sjödin B,Bosco C,Karlsson J

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advantages of performing simultaneous inferences on the means of several response variables using multivariate analysis of variance are discussed. They include control over the problem of declaring false significant differences and the ability to investigate the effects of treatment on a given response variable af...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Donner AP,Cunningham DA

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the breath-by-breath pattern of ventilatory response to bicycle exercise in seven elite male cyclists (VO2max = 71.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1) and ten sedentary males (VO2max = 47.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1) to analyze differences in breathing patterns between individuals with normal and high exercise ventilations (...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Folinsbee LJ,Wallace ES,Bedi JF,Horvath SM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Body composition has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize in the prevention of and rehabilitation from hypokinetic diseases. This paper discusses the state of the art within selected areas of body composition, identifying significant areas of cont...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Wilmore JH

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute and chronic positive mood changes have been said to occur with running and jogging. It has been suggested that endogenous substances with opioid activity (endorphins) may serve as modulators of mood. The authors report experiments in which mood changes associated with long-distance running were measured by pre- ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Markoff RA,Ryan P,Young T

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The downswing phase in golf was represented as a double pendulum pivoted at the shoulder joint and hinged at the wrist. The motion of such a pendulum was used to derive a series of equations which were used to describe the instantaneous values of several of the component features of the downswing. Results of this anal...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Milburn PD

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A biomechanical model of the ankle joint was developed and was used to predict the forces at the ankle during the stance phase of running. Measurements from five cadavers were averaged to obtain insertion points and directions of pull of equivalent tendons with respect to the assumed center of the ankle joint. A minim...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Burdett RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data obtained from 16-mm film of world caliber Olympic weight lifters performing at major competitions were analyzed to study energy changes during body segment and barbell movements, energy transfer to the barbell, and energy transfer between segments during the lifting movements contested. Determination of barbell a...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Garhammer J

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six adult females with normal menstrual cycles (28-31 d in length) volunteered to exercise on a bicycle ergometer on five different days of their menstrual cycles (days 2, 8, 14, 20, and 26; day 1 = onset of menstruation). Each day the subjects exercised at a maximum work load (184.4 W) and at four submaximal exercise...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Stephenson LA,Kolka MA,Wilkerson JE

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaerobic threshold (AT) and Vo2max were determined by automated analysis for 25 members of the 1980 U.S. Olympic Rowing Team during a progressive rowing ergometer exercise to exhaustion. Heart rates and power outputs were also measured to gauge severity of the exercise and to compare with metabolic data. Power increm...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Mickelson TC,Hagerman FC

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The utility of a biomechanical evaluation of an injury is shown for an incident involving bilateral tibial spiral fractures during skiing. With incorporation of directly measured binding release forces into a biomechanical model, estimates of torques transmitted to the skier's leg were determined. The analysis reveale...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Zernicke RF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Red blood cells obtained from well-trained athletes consumed glucose at a higher rate than those from sedentary subjects when incubated in vitro in a glucose containing medium at 37 degrees C. Similar results were obtained when fructose was substituted for glucose, but not when galactose was the monosaccharide. The ut...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Fornaini G,Dachà M,Accorsi A,Fazi A,Piatti E

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nine subjects participated in an exercise program for 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. The training work rates were kept constant for the first 4 wk. The work rates were then increased to a higher level and kept constant for an additional 5 wk. During both training periods, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) increased for the first...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Hickson RC,Hagberg JM,Ehsani AA,Holloszy JO

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of endurance training on aerobic power, and the relationship between aerobic power and running performance were investigated in 11 junior runners over a period of 5-to-7 years, starting from the age of 14. Aerobic power was measured using treadmill running and a protocol that involved increasing speed. The...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Murase Y,Kobayashi K,Kamei S,Matsui H

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of physiological responses, classified as local or central factors, have been suggested as providing the primary input for perception of effort during exercise. The potency of these responses as perceptual cues, however, has seldom been addressed in terms of relevant modifying variables such as exercise inte...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Mihevic PM

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout a beat swinging motion prior to a kip the gymnast changes the relative orientation of his legs and head-torso with respect to his arms. It was observed that if these changes occurred in a correct order he could rapidly increase his swing with his limited strength. If changes in orientation of the body parts...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Boykin WH,Breskman D

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose was to study the effects of skipping rate on energy expenditure and sex differences in response to rope skipping. Responses of 19 males and 11 females were measured while skipping for 5 min at 125, 135 and 145 skips . min-1. Expired air was routed through a hollow handle to collection bags to provide unint...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Town GP,Sol N,Sinning WE

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nine men participated in an exercise program (five days a week for 10 weeks) that was designed to strengthen the quadriceps muscles. This study was undertaken to determine if heavy resistance training results in an increase in endurance, Vo2max and whether the differences that are normally observed during bicycle and ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Hickson RC,Rosenkoetter MA,Brown MM

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiorespiratory characteristics, relative body fat, grip strength and selected skinfolds, circumferences and bone diameters were determined in 25 males and 25 females (31--55 yr) whose exclusive mode of regular exercise was tennis (9.7--11.1 hr/wk). Mean resting heart rates were 54 beats/min for the males and 61 bea...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Vodak PA,Savin WM,Haskell WL,Wood PD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00